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    Zr

    Zirconium

    Transition Metal

    Atomic Number: 40 • Atomic Mass: 91.2240 u • Period: 5 • Group: 4

    Electron Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d²
    Phase: Solid
    Electronegativity: 1.33
    Yttrium (Y)Niobium (Nb)
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    Physical & Chemical Properties

    Physical Properties

    • •Silvery-white, strong transition metal
    • •Resembles titanium physically and chemically
    • •Excellent corrosion resistance
    • •Low thermal neutron absorption cross-section
    • •High melting point (2128 K or 1855°C)
    Melting Point

    2128 K (1854.85 °C, 3370.73 °F)

    Boiling Point

    4682 K (4408.85 °C, 7967.93 °F)

    Density

    6.506 g/cm³

    Electronegativity

    1.33 (Pauling scale)

    Chemical Properties

    • •Forms protective oxide layer in air
    • •Main oxidation state is +4
    • •Very resistant to corrosion by acids, alkalis, and seawater
    • •Burns in air when finely divided
    • •Forms numerous organometallic compounds

    Electron Configuration

    1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d²

    Electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed in atomic orbitals, showing how they are arranged in energy levels and subshells.