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    Mn

    Manganese

    Transition Metal

    Atomic Number: 25 • Atomic Mass: 54.9380 u • Period: 4 • Group: 7

    Electron Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁵
    Phase: Solid
    Electronegativity: 1.55
    Chromium (Cr)Iron (Fe)
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    Physical & Chemical Properties

    Physical Properties

    • •Silvery-gray metal, somewhat similar to iron
    • •Brittle but hard metal
    • •Moderately reactive
    • •Four allotropic forms with complex crystal structures
    • •Melting point of 1519 K (1246°C)
    Melting Point

    1519 K (1245.85 °C, 2274.53 °F)

    Boiling Point

    2334 K (2060.85 °C, 3741.53 °F)

    Density

    7.44 g/cm³

    Electronegativity

    1.55 (Pauling scale)

    Chemical Properties

    • •Can exist in oxidation states from -3 to +7, with +2, +4, and +7 being most common
    • •Forms a passivation layer of manganese dioxide in air
    • •Reacts with water very slowly, but dissolves readily in dilute acids
    • •MnO₂ is a powerful oxidizing agent
    • •Compounds are often colorful (permanganate is purple)

    Electron Configuration

    1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁵

    Electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed in atomic orbitals, showing how they are arranged in energy levels and subshells.