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    Hf

    Hafnium

    Transition Metal

    Atomic Number: 72 • Atomic Mass: 178.4900 u • Period: 6 • Group: 4

    Electron Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d²
    Phase: Solid
    Electronegativity: 1.3
    Lutetium (Lu)Tantalum (Ta)
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    Physical & Chemical Properties

    Physical Properties

    • •Silvery-gray metal
    • •Corrosion-resistant
    • •High melting point
    Melting Point

    2506 K (2232.85 °C, 4051.13 °F)

    Boiling Point

    4876 K (4602.85 °C, 8317.13 °F)

    Density

    13.31 g/cm³

    Electronegativity

    1.3 (Pauling scale)

    Chemical Properties

    • •Forms tetravalent compounds
    • •Resistant to acids
    • •Reacts with oxygen at high temperatures

    Electron Configuration

    1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d²

    Electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed in atomic orbitals, showing how they are arranged in energy levels and subshells.