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    Ga

    Gallium

    Post Transition

    Atomic Number: 31 • Atomic Mass: 69.7230 u • Period: 4 • Group: 13

    Electron Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p¹
    Phase: Solid
    Electronegativity: 1.81
    Zinc (Zn)Germanium (Ge)
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    Physical & Chemical Properties

    Physical Properties

    • •Silvery-blue metal that is solid at room temperature but liquefies at 29.76°C
    • •Expands when solidifying, like water
    • •One of the few metals that can be liquid near room temperature
    • •Good conductor of electricity
    • •Can be cut with a knife
    Melting Point

    302.91 K (29.76 °C, 85.57 °F)

    Boiling Point

    2477 K (2203.85 °C, 3998.93 °F)

    Density

    5.907 g/cm³

    Electronegativity

    1.81 (Pauling scale)

    Chemical Properties

    • •Main oxidation states are +1 and +3, with +3 being more common
    • •Reacts with most acids and strong bases
    • •Does not react with water at room temperature
    • •Forms stable compounds with arsenic (GaAs) and nitrogen (GaN)
    • •Resistant to oxidation in air at room temperature

    Electron Configuration

    1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p¹

    Electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed in atomic orbitals, showing how they are arranged in energy levels and subshells.